The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin restores &beta-cell function & survival in human isolated islets through GLP-1 stabilization.

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The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin restores &beta-cell function & survival in human isolated islets through GLP-1 stabilization.

Shah P, Ardestani A, Dharmadhikari G, Laue S, Schumann DM, Kerr-Conte J, Pattout F, Klein T, Maedler K.

Journal		J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Species
Analytes Measured		GLP-1 , IL-6 , IL-8
Matrix Tested		Cell culture supernatants

Year		2013
Volume
Page Numbers
Application		Cytokines and Chemokines , Metabolic

Abstract

Context: Inhibition of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a potent strategy to increase GIP and GLP-1 induced insulin secretion in diabetes. It is important to know if new drugs approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes have direct effects on the β-cell.

Objective: Herein, we investigated the effect of linagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, on β-cell function and survival.

Design: Human islets were exposed to a diabetic milieu (11.1-33.3 mM glucose, 0.5 mM palmitic acid, the mixture of 2 ng/ml IL-1β+1,000 U/ml IFN-γ or 50 μM H2O2) with or without 500 ng/ml Interleukin-1Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) or 30-50 nM linagliptin.

Results: Linagliptin restored β-cell function and turnover, which was impaired when islets were exposed to elevated glucose, palmitate, cytokines or H2O2. Pre-treatment with IL-1Ra was similarly effective, except against H2O2 treatment. Nitrotyrosine concentrations in islet lysates, an indicator of oxidative stress, were highly elevated under diabetic conditions, but not in islets treated with linagliptin or IL-1Ra. Linagliptin also reduced cytokine secretion and stabilized GLP-1 in islet supernatants.

Conclusions: We show that the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin protected from gluco-, lipo- and cytokine-toxicity and stabilized active GLP-1 secreted from human islets. This provides a direct GLP-1 mediated protective effect of linagliptin on β-cell function and survival.

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U-PLEX Long COVID Combo 1 (human) IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, Pentraxin 3 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Diabetes Combo 1 (mouse) C-Peptide, GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic 3-Plex Combo 1 (mouse) GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Microbiome Combo 1 (human) Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PP, PYY (total) \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Diabetes Combo 1 (rat) C-Peptide, GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic 3-Plex Combo 1 (rat) GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin \| Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Diabetes Combo 1 (human) C-Peptide, GIP (total), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human) CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human) CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 384-Well Assay IL-8 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (rat) 384-well Assays Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse GLP-1 (total) 384-Well Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Rat GLP-1 (total) 384-Well Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Rat Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 384-Well Assay IL-8 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human GLP-1 (total) 384-well Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse GLP-1 (total) Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Rat GLP-1 (total) Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Rat Singleplex
U-PLEX Human GLP-1 (total) Assay GLP-1 (total) \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 Assay IL-8 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Assay IL-8 \| Human Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Rat Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (rat) Assays Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Obesity Combo 2 (rat) C-Peptide, Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (total), Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse) BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Obesity Combo 2 (mouse) C-Peptide, Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (total), Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 1 (rat) BDNF, C-Peptide, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Rat Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 1 (mouse) BAFF, BDNF, C-Peptide, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse) C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX GLP-1 (total) Antibody Set (5 Plate Size) GLP-1 (total) \| Human, Mouse, Rat
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 1 (human) BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, FGF-21, FGF-23, FSH, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total) \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Obesity Combo 2 (human) C-Peptide, FGF-23, Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (total), Insulin, Leptin, PYY (total) \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human) BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
GLP-1 (total) Control Pack GLP-1 (total) \| Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Canine
V-PLEX Plus GLP-1 (total) Kit GLP-1 (total) \| Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Canine Singleplex
V-PLEX GLP-1 (total) Kit GLP-1 (total) \| Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Canine Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Rat
V-PLEX Plus Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
V-PLEX Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (NHP) Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 2 (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (human) Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 4 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 3 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Antibody Set IL-8 \| Human
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Human
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Mouse
V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α \| Rat Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Proinflammatory Panel 2 Rat Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α \| Rat Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Human Biomarker 39-Plex Kit CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus NHP IL-8 Kit IL-8 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
V-PLEX NHP IL-8 Kit IL-8 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
V-PLEX Plus NHP Cytokine 24-Plex Kit Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC, TNF-β, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX NHP Cytokine 24-Plex Kit Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC, TNF-β, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Chemokine Panel 1 NHP Kit Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IL-8 (HA), IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Chemokine Panel 1 NHP Kit Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IL-8 (HA), IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1 Human Kit CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Neuroinflammation Panel 1 Human Kit CRP, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, FGF (basic), ICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PlGF, SAA, TARC, Tie-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, VCAM-1, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-1/Flt-1 \| Human Multiplex
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The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin restores &beta-cell function & survival in human isolated islets through GLP-1 stabilization.

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