miR-199a-5p Silencing Regulates the Unfolded Protein Response in COPD and α1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.

Hassan T, Carroll TP, Buckley PG, Cummins R, O'Neill SJ, McElvaney NG, Greene CM.
Journal   Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
Species  
Analytes Measured   GM-CSF , IL-10 , IL-8 , MCP-1
Matrix Tested   Cell culture supernatants
Year   2013
Volume  
Page Numbers  
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
RATIONALE: Retention of abnormal alpha-1 antitrypsin activates the unfolded protein response in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficient monocytes. The regulatory role of microRNAs in unfolded protein responses and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate microRNA expression and function in MM and ZZ monocytes and identify microRNA(s) regulating the unfolded protein response.

METHODS: Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic MM and ZZ individuals for microRNA expression profiling and pyrosequencing analysis. microRNA/gene and protein expression was measured with quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Overexpression and inhibition studies were performed with pre-miR or anti-miR respectively. Luciferase reporter genes were used to elucidate direct microRNA-target interactions. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using the Meso Scale Discovery Plex assays.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty three microRNAs were differentially expressed, with miR-199a-5p most highly upregulated in asymptomatic ZZ versus MM monocytes. miR-199a-2 promoter hypermethylation inhibits miR-199a-5p expression and was increased in symptomatic MM and ZZ monocytes compared to asymptomatic counterparts. GRP78, ATF6, p50 and p65 were increased in symptomatic versus asymptomatic ZZ monocytes. Reciprocal down- or upregulation of these markers was observed after microRNA modulation. Direct miR-199a-5p targeting of ATF6, p50 and p65 by miR-199a-5p was demonstrated using luciferase reporter systems. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p also decreased other arms of the UPR and expression of cytokines that are not putative targets.

CONCLUSION: miR-199a-5p is a key regulator of the unfolded protein response in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficient monocytes and epigenetic silencing of its expression regulates this process in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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