Cycling to work in London and inhaled dose of black carbon.

Nwokoro C, Ewin C, Harrison C, Ibrahim M, Dundas I, Dickson I, Mushtaq N, Grigg J.
Journal   Eur Respir J.
Species  
Analytes Measured   GM-CSF , IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-8
Matrix Tested   Serum
Year   2012
Volume  
Page Numbers  
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
Modelling studies suggest that urban cycling is associated with an increased inhaled dose of fossil-fuel derived black carbon. Using the amount of black material in airway macrophages as a marker of long-term inhaled black carbon, we sought to compare inhaled black carbon dose in London cyclists and non-cyclists.Alveolar macrophage carbon was assessed in 28/48 (58%) healthy adults (14 cyclists and 14 non-cyclists) who attended for induced sputum. Short-term (24 h) exposure to black carbon was assessed on a representative working day in 27/28. Serum interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed 26/28.Cyclists had increased airway macrophage carbon compared with non-cyclists (1.81±0.21 μm(2) vs. 1.11±0.07 μm(2), P <0.01). Short-term monitoring showed no difference in 24 h black carbon exposure between the 2 groups. However, cyclists were exposed to higher concentrations of black carbon during commuting (P <0.01). Airway macrophage carbon was associated monitored commute black carbon (n=28, r = 0.47, P <0.05). TNF-α, but not other cytokines, was increased in cyclists (P <0.05).Commuting to work by bicycle London is associated with increased long-term inhaled dose of BC. Whether cycling per se increases inhaled BC dose remains unclear.

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