Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

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Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

Trivedi S, Joachim M, McElrath T, Kliman HJ, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, Onderdonk A, Heitor F, Chaychi L, Leviton A, Majzoub JA; ELGAN study investigators.

Journal		Am J Obstet Gynecol.
Species
Analytes Measured		CRP , E-Selectin , I-TAC , ICAM-1 , ICAM-3 , IGFBP-1 , IL-6 , IL-6R , IL-8 , MCP-1 , MCP-4 , MMP-1 , MMP-9 , MPO , RANTES , SAA , TNF-RI , TNF-RII , VCAM-1 , Flt-1 VEGFR1
Matrix Tested		Dried blood spots

Year		2011
Volume
Page Numbers
Application		Cytokines and Chemokines

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous labor at term involves the activation of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone and the fetal adrenal axis, but the basis for extreme preterm labor is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether placental corticotropin-releasing hormone is activated in extreme preterm labor.

STUDY DESIGN: One thousand five hundred six mothers delivering at less than 28 weeks' gestation were enrolled. Each mother/infant pair was assigned to the category that described the primary reason for hospitalization. Observers who had no knowledge of patient categorization assessed placenta microbiology, histology, and corticotropin-releasing hormone expression. These were correlated with the primary reason for hospitalization.

RESULTS: Among infants delivered at less than 28 weeks' gestation, spontaneous (vs induced) delivery was associated with less placental corticotropin-releasing hormone expression and more frequent signs of placental inflammation and infection.

CONCLUSION: Inflammation and infection, rather than premature activation of the fetal adrenal axis, should be the major focus of research to prevent extremely preterm human birth.

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U-PLEX Human I-TAC 384-Well Assay I-TAC \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
Human MCP-4 Antibody MCP-4 \| Human
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 3 (human) Assays Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Human CRP Antibody Set CRP \| Human
U-PLEX Human ICAM-1 Antibody Set ICAM-1 \| Human
U-PLEX Human SAA Antibody Set SAA \| Human
U-PLEX Human VCAM-1 Antibody Set VCAM-1 \| Human
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 2 (human) Adiponectin, ApoA1, ApoC3, Clusterin, CRP, DPPIV, NGAL/LCN2, RBP4, SHBG, sTfR-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Vascular Injury Combo 1 (human) CRP, Factor VII, ICAM-1, SAA, VCAM-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Inflammation Combo 1 (human) Complement C9, Complement factor D, CRP, ICAM-1, NGAL/LCN2, SAA, VCAM-1 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Human VCAM-1 Assay VCAM-1 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human SAA Assay SAA \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human CRP Assay CRP \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human ICAM-1 Assay ICAM-1 \| Human Singleplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
R-PLEX Human IGFBP-1 Antibody Set IGFBP-1 \| Human
R-PLEX Mouse CRP Antibody Set CRP \| Mouse
R-PLEX Mouse SAA Antibody Set SAA \| Mouse
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
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Fetal-placental inflammation, but not adrenal activation, is associated with extreme preterm delivery.

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