The Effect of Leflunomide on Cycling and Activation of T-Cells in HIV-1-Infected Participants.

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The Effect of Leflunomide on Cycling and Activation of T-Cells in HIV-1-Infected Participants.

Read, S.W., DeGrezia, M., Ciccone, E.J., DerSimonian, R., Higgins, J., Adelsberger, J.W., Starling, J.M., Rehm, C., Sereti, I.

Journal		PLoS ONE
Species
Analytes Measured		CRP
Matrix Tested		Plasma

Year		2010
Volume		5
Page Numbers
Application		Cytokines and Chemokines

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of immunodeficiency due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is incompletely understood, but immune activation is believed to play a central role. Immunomodulatory agents that decrease immune activation may be useful in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Methodology: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of leflunomide for 28 days was performed in participants with HIV-1 infection who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Participants randomized to leflunomide were subsequently treated with cholestyramine until leflunomide levels were below detection limit.

Findings: Treatment with leflunomide was well tolerated with mostly low-grade adverse events. Leflunomide administration reduced cycling of CD4 T cells (by ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine uptake and Ki67 expression) and decreased expression of activation markers (HLA-DR/CD38 co-expression) on CD8 T cells in peripheral blood. In addition, decreased expression of HIV-1 co-receptors was observed in both CD4 and CD8 T cells in the leflunomide group. There were no significant changes in naïve and memory T cell subsets, apoptosis of T cells or markers of microbial translocation.

Conclusions: Leflunomide was effective in reducing immune activation in the setting of chronic HIV-1 infection suggesting that targeting immune activation with immunomodulatory agents may be a feasible strategy.

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The Effect of Leflunomide on Cycling and Activation of T-Cells in HIV-1-Infected Participants.

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