Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines predict survival in idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Soon, E., Holmes, A.M., Treacy, C.M., Doughty, N.J., Southgate, L., Machado, R.D., Trembath, R.C., Jennings, S., Barker, L., Nicklin, P., Walker, C., Budd, D.C., Pepke-Zaba, J., Morrell, N.W.
Journal   Circulation.
Species  
Analytes Measured   IL-10 , IL-12 p70 , IL-13 , IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-5 , IL-6 , IL-8
Matrix Tested   Serum
Year   2010
Volume   122
Page Numbers   920-7
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and increased circulating levels of cytokines are reported in patients with PAH. However, to date, no information exists on the significance of elevated cytokines or their potential as biomarkers. We sought to determine the levels of a range of cytokines in PAH and to examine their impact on survival and relationship to hemodynamic indexes.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured levels of serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and interleukin-1beta, -2, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10, -12p70, and -13) using ELISAs in idiopathic and heritable PAH patients (n=60). Concurrent clinical data included hemodynamics, 6-minute walk distance, and survival time from sampling to death or transplantation. Healthy volunteers served as control subjects (n=21). PAH patients had significantly higher levels of interleukin-1beta, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, and -12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha compared with healthy control subjects. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that levels of interleukin-6, 8, 10, and 12p70 predicted survival in patients. For example, 5-year survival with interleukin-6 levels of >9 pg/mL was 30% compared with 63% for patients with levels < or = 9 pg/mL (P=0.008). In this PAH cohort, cytokine levels were superior to traditional markers of prognosis such as 6-minute walk distance and hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates dysregulation of a broad range of inflammatory mediators in idiopathic and familial PAH and demonstrates that cytokine levels have a previously unrecognized impact on patient survival. They may prove to be useful biomarkers and provide insight into the contribution of inflammation in PAH.

View Publications

Related Products

U-PLEX Long COVID Combo 1 (human)
IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, Pentraxin 3 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Safety Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX TBI Combo 1 (human)
CD40L (soluble), Fractalkine, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, RANKL/TNFSF11, TNF-α, VEGF-D | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Oncolysis Combo 1 (human)
CTLA-4, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, LAG3, MIP-1α, PD1 (epitope 1), TIGIT | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Combo 2 (human)
GM-CSF, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, Perforin, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-5 384-Well Assay
IL-5 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-4 384-Well Assay
IL-4 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-13 384-Well Assay
IL-13 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-13 384-Well Assay
IL-13 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-5 384-Well Assay
IL-5 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-4 384-Well Assay
IL-4 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-13 384-Well Assay
IL-13 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 384-Well Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 384-Well Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 384-Well Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-5 384-Well Assay
IL-5 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-4 384-Well Assay
IL-4 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-2 384-Well Assay
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays
CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (mouse)
IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDC, TARC | Mouse
Multiplex
S-PLEX Human IL-13 Kit
IL-13 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-2 Kit
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-5 Kit
IL-5 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-10 Kit
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-4 Kit
IL-4 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-2 Kit
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Kit
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-5 Kit
IL-5 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (human)
Eotaxin-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, M-CSF, MDC, TARC | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human)
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX CAR-T Cell Combo 1 (human)
GM-CSF, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Non-human primate
Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human)
G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit
IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 | Non-human primate
Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-5 Assay
IL-5 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-5 Assay
IL-5 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-13 Assay
IL-13 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-4 Assay
IL-4 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Mouse
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-4 Assay
IL-4 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-13 Assay
IL-13 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-4 Assay
IL-4 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-8 Assay
IL-8 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-12p70 Assay
IL-12p70 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-5 Assay
IL-5 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Human
Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-13 Assay
IL-13 | Non-human primate
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-13 Assay
IL-13 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Assay
IL-10 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-2 Assay
IL-2 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay
IL-6 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-4 Assay
IL-4 | Rat
Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-5 Assay
IL-5 | Rat
Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays
Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse)
BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse)
C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α | Mouse
Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays
BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 | Human
Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human)
BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α | Human
Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-5 Antibody Set
IL-5 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-4 Antibody Set
IL-4 | Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set
IL-6 | Rat
Product Search
Browse Our Products

By Analytes
By Applications
Search
Customer Service/Orders


Scientific/Technical Support


Instrument Support


Company Headquarters