Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid stimulations in nasal polyps.

Patou, J., Gevaert, P., Van Zele, T., Holtappels, G., van Cauwenberge, P., Bachert, C.
Journal   J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Species  
Analytes Measured   IL-10 , IL-12 p70 , IL-13 , IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-5 , IL-8
Matrix Tested   Nasal tissue homogenates
Year   2007
Volume   121
Page Numbers   110-115
Application   Cytokines and Chemokines
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence points toward a modifying role of Staphylococcus aureus and its products in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine and mediator production after stimulation with S aureus-derived proteins enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid in nasal polyp and control inferior turbinate tissue.

METHODS: Tissue fragments were stimulated with RPMI (negative control), enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid for 30 minutes and 24 hours. Supernatants were measured by multiplex for proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and T-cell and subset-related cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13). Histamine, TGF-beta1, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2) were analyzed by ELISA.

RESULTS: Thirty minutes of protein A stimulation resulted in a significant increase of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2). Enterotoxin B stimulation over a period of 24 hours induced a significant increase of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in both groups, with this increase significantly higher in nasal polyps compared with controls.

CONCLUSION: We here show that S aureus products have various effects on mucosal tissues: surface protein A induces mast cell degranulation, whereas enterotoxins induce the release of cytokines, with a T(H)2-skewed pattern in nasal polyps, supporting the stimulatory role of superantigens in the development of this inflammatory disease.

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