Rip2 Deficiency Leads to Increased Atherosclerosis Despite Decreased Inflammation.

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Rip2 Deficiency Leads to Increased Atherosclerosis Despite Decreased Inflammation.

Levin, M.C., Jirholt, P., Wramstedt, A., Johansson, M.E., Lundberg, A.M., Gustafsson, T.M., Ståhlman, M., Fogelstrand, P., Brisslert, M., Fogelstrand, L., Yan, Z.Q., Hansson, G.K., Björkback, H., Olofsson, S.O., Borén, J.

Journal		Circ Res.
Species
Analytes Measured		IL-10 , IL-12 Total , IL-6 , MCP-1
Matrix Tested		Cell culture supernatants, Plasma

Year		2011
Volume		109
Page Numbers		1210-1218
Application		Cytokines and Chemokines

Abstract

RATIONALE: The innate immune system and in particular the pattern-recognition receptors Toll-like receptors have recently been linked to atherosclerosis. Consequently, inhibition of various signaling molecules downstream of the Toll-like receptors has been tested as a strategy to prevent progression of atherosclerosis. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation pathways, including Toll-like receptors, and is therefore an interesting potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that inhibition of Rip2 would protect against development of atherosclerosis.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Surprisingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, we found that mice transplanted with Rip2(-/-) bone marrow displayed markedly increased atherosclerotic lesions despite impaired local and systemic inflammation. Moreover, lipid uptake was increased whereas immune signaling was reduced in Rip2(-/-) macrophages. Further analysis in Rip2(-/-) macrophages showed that the lipid accumulation was scavenger-receptor independent and mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent lipid uptake.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that lipid accumulation and inflammation are dissociated in the vessel wall in mice with Rip2(-/-) macrophages. These results for the first time identify Rip2 as a key regulator of cellular lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease.

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U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 384-Well Assay IL-10 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse MCP-1 384-Well Assay MCP-1 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 384-Well Assay IL-10 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP MCP-1 384-Well Assay MCP-1 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) 384-well Assays BAFF, BCA-1/BLC, BDNF, CD40/TNFRSF5, C-Peptide, Eotaxin, EPO, FGF-21, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, KC/GRO, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-5/CCL12, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MMP-9 (total), PYY (total), RANTES, TARC, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) 384-well Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 384-Well Assay IL-10 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 384-Well Assay IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human MCP-1 384-Well Assay MCP-1 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) 384-well Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
S-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 (human) Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (mouse) IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, MDC, TARC \| Mouse Multiplex
S-PLEX NHP IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-6 Kit IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
S-PLEX Human IL-10 Kit IL-10 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M2 Combo 1 (human) Eotaxin-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, M-CSF, MDC, TARC \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Macrophage M1 Combo 1 (human) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-23, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 3 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 3 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (NHP) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Viral Combo 1 (human) G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, VEGF-A \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 2 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 NHP Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 2 Human Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 NHP Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Viral Panel 1 Human Kit IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP IL-10 Assay IL-10 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX NHP MCP-1 Assay MCP-1 \| Non-human primate Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Assay IL-10 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Mouse Singleplex
U-PLEX Human MCP-1 Assay MCP-1 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Assay IL-10 \| Human Singleplex
U-PLEX Mouse MCP-1 Assay MCP-1 \| Mouse Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Assay IL-10 \| Rat Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat MCP-1 Assay MCP-1 \| Rat Singleplex
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Assay IL-6 \| Rat Singleplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (mouse) Assays Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (mouse) IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (mouse) BDNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Metabolic Hormones Combo 1 (mouse) C-Peptide, Ghrelin (active), GLP-1 (active), Glucagon, IL-6, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, PYY (total), TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Metabolic Group 1 (human) Assays BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FGF-21, FGF-23, FLT3L, Fractalkine, FSH, G-CSF, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, Insulin, IP-10, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-5, PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total), SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (human) BDNF, β-NGF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Insulin, Leptin, MCP-1, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
R-PLEX Rat MCP-1 Antibody Set MCP-1 \| Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Rat
R-PLEX Rat IL-10 Antibody Set IL-10 \| Rat
V-PLEX Plus Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
V-PLEX Mouse Cytokine 19-Plex Kit IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
V-PLEX Plus Cytokine Panel 1 Mouse Kit IL-9, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 \| Mouse Multiplex
V-PLEX Cytokine Panel 1 Mouse Kit IL-9, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 \| Mouse Multiplex
V-PLEX Mouse MCP-1 Kit MCP-1 \| Mouse Singleplex
V-PLEX Plus Mouse MCP-1 Kit MCP-1 \| Mouse Singleplex
Cytokine Panel 1 Mouse Control Pack IL-9, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-27p28/IL-30, IL-33, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 \| Mouse
U-PLEX Mouse MCP-1 Antibody Set MCP-1 \| Mouse
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (NHP) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo (mouse) IP-10, KC/GRO, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (mouse) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX T-Cell Combo (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, MIP-3α, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (mouse) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 2 (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX TH17 Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Human IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Human
U-PLEX Human IL-10 Antibody Set IL-10 \| Human
U-PLEX Mouse IL-10 Antibody Set IL-10 \| Mouse
U-PLEX Mouse IL-6 Antibody Set IL-6 \| Mouse
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (human) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX Chemokine Combo 1 (NHP) Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 2 (human) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 \| Human Multiplex
U-PLEX TH1/TH2 Combo (mouse) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, KC/GRO, TNF-α \| Mouse Multiplex
U-PLEX Proinflam Combo 1 (NHP) IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Biomarker Group 1 (NHP) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Non-human primate Multiplex
U-PLEX Custom Biomarker Group 1 (human) Assays CTACK, ENA-78, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin-3, EPO, FLT3L, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO-α, I-309, IFN-α2a, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-31, IL-33, IP-10, I-TAC, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, M-CSF, MDC, MIF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-5, SDF-1α, TARC, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO, TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF-A, YKL-40 \| Human Multiplex
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Rip2 Deficiency Leads to Increased Atherosclerosis Despite Decreased Inflammation.

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